Why Piracy Laws Must Be Changed - 891 Words

Prepare to be Boarded: Why Piracy Laws Must Be Changed From the moment consumers were able to use the internet to get music, software, and movies, piracy has had serious financial implications for the motion picture industry. Copyright protection presents some difficulty in illegally obtaining movies, but there are many avenues around most of these systems. The RIAA, or Recording Industry Association of America, has tried several legal ploys to prevent people from accessing this material, but many consumers continue to access it with little concern. Much like the music industry, which was challenged to reinvent its distribution model, the movie industry has to do the same thing. To counter the amount of piracy the movie studios must develop new systems for content delivery including streaming new release movies at home. First, the current system of forcing consumers to go to a movie theater is no longer desirable for many. Entertainment seekers can now get almost instant access to desired content, whether it’s music or movie s via streaming services like Netflix. These services exist due to the demand for them and to satiate the desire for content when and where the customer wants it. While my generation patiently grew up waiting for Thursday night for The Cosby Show the current generation is not oriented around content on a television or at a specific date and time. As this younger generation becomes paying customers their desires will have to be considered withShow MoreRelatedThe Morality Of Peer And File Sharing1231 Words   |  5 Pagesmy position with an appeal to law and an appeal to consequences. In the United States, it is illegal to make or download copies of copyrighted material. Argument The internet completely changed the business of copyright infringement. While the internet makes it easier to identify copyright violations, it also enables those same violators to a previously unprecedented degree. This is especially true of digital media: electronic copies of music or film. Digital piracy has moved from the world of highlyRead MoreBehind the Stop Online Piracy Act Bill (SOPA): Copyright, Censorhip, and Free Speech1539 Words   |  7 PagesBehind SOPA: Copyright, Censorship and Free speech At the beginning of 2012, a series of coordinated protests occurred online and offline against Stop Online Piracy Act Bill (SOPA) that expands U.S. law enforcement’s ability to combat online copyright infringement. As this protest involved many influential websites like Google and Wikipedia, it certainly draws national attention on SOPA. Whether censorship should be used online against online materials infringing property rights, as included inRead MoreEthical Computing: Copying Music or Software from Another Person or over the Internet1338 Words   |  5 Pageswhen using a computer is most accurately and clearly defined as abiding by copyrights and intellectual property guidelines for the use of each given digital asset. Ethical behavior is more defined by the level of compliance to copyright and trademark laws in the case of digital imagery and assets than it is in the myriad of ways the actual content is accessed or perceived (Kreie, Cronan, 1999). Ethical behavior of usi ng a computer constitutes staying in compliance to copyrights, intellectual propertyRead MoreMedia Piracy And Its Effect On Society2212 Words   |  9 Pagesconcern. In todays digital age it had become easier to download and distribute media. Many individuals have continued to evaluate whether or not punishments for media piracy are harsh enough. This essay will discuss the strengths and weakness of allowing the punishment to stay the same for media piracy. It will also demonstrate why increasing the punishment will have a negative effect on society. As music and films become more available to the public the issue of copyright becomes a concern. ManyRead MoreWhat Should The Punishment Be For Music Piracy?3063 Words   |  13 PagesKehrmeyer AP English 2 February 2016 What Should The Punishment Be for Music Piracy? Piracy, the government call this a crime, other people would call it a response against mega businesses. Whatever piracy is should not remove the fact that the government has laws against piracy, and many wonder what the appropriate punishment for people who don t follow these laws should be. I like many others, believe that music piracy should not be punished so severely, but of course, like many things in lifeRead More Software Piracy and Copyright Laws: United States vs Vietnam2829 Words   |  12 PagesSoftware Piracy and Copyright Laws: United States versus Vietnam I. Introduction Software piracy is the unauthorized duplication, distribution or use of computer software. Five main types of software piracy exist: publisher patent and copyright infringement, industrial piracy, corporate piracy, reseller piracy, and home piracy. Software piracy is a large global issue, which has become a more pressing issue due to a number of reasons: software is now easier to distribute on a global scaleRead MoreIncreasing Frequency And Normality Of Piracy2055 Words   |  9 Pagesincreasing frequency and normality of piracy as a crime in addition to its strong relationship with Australia. In particular, the purpose of this research project is to explore ‘How the rate of piracy in Australia can be reduced’ in addition to analysing the fundamental factors behind the increase in the frequency of piracy, furthermore investigating methods to reduce such criminal acts, including legal consequences. Definition of Digital Piracy Digital piracy or copyright infringement is essentiallyRead MoreThe Issues Arising From File Sharing1728 Words   |  7 Pagesfacilitated massive downloads of copyrighted contents without the knowledge or proper compensation of the rightful author. However, the providing, sharing, or downloading content on these platforms is a violation intellectual property rights known as piracy. File Sharing Moral Issues Musicians and recording companies argue that the music and videos on the internet are their property, upon which they expect to get economic benefits, and downloading their content is wrong. However, these cries fall onRead MoreHow Globalization And Crime And Attitudes Towards Crime?1236 Words   |  5 Pagesplanet, Western lifestyle and culture enter every virtually home, revealing a huge gap between â€Å"haves† and â€Å"have nots†, who became more aware of their relative deprivation. This this also promoted their turn to illicit activity, such as terrorism, piracy, sex trade, drug trade as well as attempts to immigrate to the West. Whereas wealthy societies are able to protect themselves, the poor make crime their lifestyle in order to survive. Whole communities disintegrate. Nowadays, radical ideology easilyRead MoreEssay about Copyright Laws No Longer Relevant in a Digital Age3301 Words   |  14 PagesAssignment 2 – Research Essay Many say the current copyright laws in Australia are not adequate for a digital age. Do you agree with this point of view, and explain the academic research which leads you to this conclusion. Discuss two examples of copyright law which you believe are no longer relevant in a digital age and provide evidence for the changes you would propose, by analysing current media reports and supporting research? The way a person writes, learns, gathers information, purchases

The Personality Assessment Inventory Tests - 1402 Words

The personality assessment inventory tests provide results on my individual personality, values, motivation, decision making, communication, team skills, conflict skills, organizational structure preference, and stress. These results are broken down briefly in three parts and do not include any personal speculation or analysis as to their meaning. The application of these results are further applied and explains how the results noted from the tests and in the first step will make me a better employee, co-worker, and manager within my organization. These tests mentioned above are applied in conjunction with particular examples on how I can achieve becoming a better employee, co-worker, and manager. An explanation of how my personality and experiences were affected by the Holy Spirit is also discussed. Particularly, how potential weaknesses have become strengths with the guidance of the Lord. Step 1: Personal Inventory Assessment Part I: What About Me? All of the information presented in step one provided from was utilized via Pearson’s Personality Inventory Assessment test. (Pearson MyManagementLab) One of the first tests I took, recognized that I was a high Type A personality. Some factors that I found informative were that while Type A individuals have increased productivity, dependability, and greater work ethic, they are also subject to health risks and interpersonal challenges. During the self-awareness assessment, I ranked as having aShow MoreRelatedHistory of Psychological Assessment Paper1129 Words   |  5 PagesHISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT History of Psychological Assessment Paper Natalie Maxwell University of Phoenix Dr. Alex Nagurney October 25, 2010 History of Psychological Assessment What is psychological assessment? Psychological assessment is considered one of the most important functions in applied psychology. In psychological assessment, the practitioner uses observation, interviews, and psychological tests to gain information about the client’s personality characteristics, symptomsRead MoreThe Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III Test1341 Words   |  6 Pagesnumerous tests that have been created by psychologists all over the world, but of all those tests how many are as unique as the Millon? Through rigorous research and reading I have selected the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III test. The Millon Clinical Multiaxical Inventory (3rded: MCMI-III) is a widely used psychological assessment of clinical and personality disorders (Grove, W. M., 2009). This test, now on its 3rd edition, has embodied several innovative ideas in personality and psychopathologyRead MorePsychological Assessment And Ethics Of Forensic Psychology1675 Words   |  7 Pages Psychological Assessment and Ethics Debra Deering FO611 Ethics and Professional Issues in Forensic Psychology Professor Cathy Donnell February 8, 2015 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III. Information to be included in this paper will detail why this psychological assessment is used, how it is administered ethically, how it is scored, why it is unique, what precautions need to be taken to assure its ethical use, and any ethical concernsRead MoreUnit 3 Project Essay826 Words   |  4 Pageslength) What were the results of your MBTI assessment? The outcome of my MBTI assessment test resulted in the qualitative analysis of my personality type to be ENFJ (extraverted, intuitive, feeling, and judging). The strength of preferences in percentage form is as follows: †¢ 89%- Very extraverted personality, †¢ 25%- Moderately expressed intuitive personality, †¢ 75%- Distinctively expressed feeling personality, †¢ 44%- Moderately expressed judging personality. Do you agree with these results? WhyRead MoreAnalysis of Three Interest Inventories Essay example1748 Words   |  7 Pagesinterested in student interest inventories. Working in the classroom, it can be very difficult to assess interest of students when choosing thematic units or classroom project. As a college advisor, I am constantly searching for resources to help my students choose a future career path. I completed research and found three popular interest inventories- the Strong Interest Inventory, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Clifton Strengths Finder. Each of the three assessments analyze the same generalRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Type Indicator ( Mbti ) Are Both Personality Assessments Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe Birkman Method and The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) are both personality assessments. The Birkman Method is based on the theories of Dr. Roger W. Birkman and the work of Dr. Roy B. Mefferd, Jr. and Dr. Timothy G. Sadler. The MBTI is based on the theories of Dr. Carl Gustav Jung and the work of Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers. Both are non-clinical assessments. The working manuals for both assessments have recognized and documented, content, construct, criterion-related validitiesRead MoreChildhood Sexual Abuse Has A Prolonged Effect On The Personality And Behavior Of Young Adults1683 Words   |  7 Pagessexual abuse has a prolonged effect on the personality and behavior of young adults (Van Reedt Dortland et al, 2012). However, studies are limited in testing whether specific personality traits have an effect on the lasting trauma of a victim. Retrospective estimates indicate that 12–54% of women and 4–15% of men experienced sexual abuse during childhood or adolescence (Czincz, 2013). Therapist attempt to assess every victim with the same general assessments which lead to issues later in life. WithRead MoreThe Personality Assessment Of A Career948 Words   |  4 Pagesadvancement, whereas a job will always remain the same. The MyPlan website seeks to inform people of careers that fit an individual’s personality, interests, values, and skills. The personality assessment is a test primarily based on Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis (Hoffman 2002). Freud believed a person’s behavior stemmed from their unconscious mind and that personality was formed during the first six years of life (Ciccarelli, S. K. White, J. N. 2010). He would use the psychoanalytic approach toRead MoreThe Effects Of Personality Assessments On The Workplace1270 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of personality assessments in the workplace has tremendously increased in recent years for the purposes of selection, placement, and development of employees. The rationale for the use of these tests is that personality assessments are useful for explaining and predicting work attitudes, behaviors, and job performance because â€Å"personality includes a wide range of characteristics that people possess; many of them have an impact upon the ways people behave in the workplace† (Boutelle, 2015)Read MoreAssessment And Mental Health Professionals859 Words   |  4 PagesRoy Macias Psych 215 14 AUG 2015 Homework 3: Assessment and Mental Health Professionals In chapter 3 of Ronald J. Comer’s book, Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology, it explains and defines the importance of the assessment of a client. Along with other topics, it explains many factors and objectives of diagnosis and treatment of clients. The first topic is the importance and purpose of psychological assessment. In order to know what the client is going through, the clinician must know background

Knowledge Translation

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge Translation. Answer: Knowledge Translation- Reflection Knowledge translation (KT) has always inquired about in narrowing the apparent gap existing between the knowledge and practice. KT has been explained as an active and iterative procedure that takes into account synthesis, replace, propagation of knowledge to develop the health of Indians, offering more effectual health related services and products and strengthening the health care classification. The medical procedures are becoming hastily multifaceted, an over profusion of the research literature and the lack of discriminating procedure of communication that exists between the policy makers and researchers making delivering more susceptible related to our best health. Knowing the current echelon of professionals acquaintance is facilitating proper programs of training in addressing the recognized discrepancies, thereby developing the eminence of provided care. Previous studies have stated knowledge levels about analgesic care existing in nurses, though none of the studies offered information on responsiveness about divergent aspects of palliative care like dyspnea, philosophy and psychiatric problems. According to Nilsen (2015), training is the place where knowledge is applied to practice (KTA) cycle, where one understands the proper utilization of knowledge, assessing the possessions of the implemented knowledge on the outcomes of the health along with considering the sustainability of new interference. Working as a registered nurse updated me with the idea of nursing care being evidence-based, that is being underpinned by significant, modern research and literature. It is therefore essential on the that all the health professionals including me should make certain that the knowledge that is being created is also interpreted into relevant information that can be made uses of in informing decision making and facilitating best possible patient care. The purpose of research in healthcare is to circulate the knowledge obtained through the findings of the research. In India the system of upgrading the knowledge of nurses have not been much focused on. It is disappointing to see that freshly created knowledge, that are frequently based clinically have not been made available to nurses who have not been able to be there at those conferences as such knowledge can be of great importance to nurses, especially in diseases that are related to cardiac (Rycroft-Malone et al. 2013). Training alone cannot make nurses a potent force; knowledge is required at the same time. Training can only help one to understand the ways that things should be done, but knowledge helps in understanding which way to follow at what time as nurses do need to face different challenges at different times. Counting evidence in evidence based practice: In the health care industry, the term evidence can be stated as most fashionable. The dialogue squeezes different permutations taking account of guidelines that are evidence-based, evidence-based decision-making and evidence-informed choice of patients. The epistemological veracity of such notion has always been put under the radar with significant effort has been mostly on the agenda of evidence-based practiced both financially and philosophically. Healthcare professionals have always focused on evidence that offers the best validation for the doing element of perform. Over the years, evidence has formed the source of reflection, offering a policy for the healthcare practitioners to securely track alternating approaches in offering most favorable cost-effective conclusion. There has been a clear message from the National Health Board of India stating that health practitioners should be making sure that people are receiving care based on the paramount potential evidence. Moreover, in the political context, care should be distributed according to the requirements of individual patients. The evidences have always been supplied from research with both the qualitative and quantitative perspective, individual knowledge and experiences gathered over the years by the patient and family. Being a nurse, it is important to understand the care that is required for a patient suffering from burns to that of a patient suffering from cardiac arrest. Quick response is required along with the application of knowledge and evidence based on prior experience on such affairs. According to Harfield et al. (2015), the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) model of healthcare related to evidence based on feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness and effectiveness (FAME). It takes in experience, study and dialogue for being more apt evidence source. JBI has been considered as an appliance to evaluate a source of evidence prior to commencement of an intrusion. It takes into account the factors of research, experience and discourse to be apposite evidential sources. Experience has always been sourced as evidence in practice; I as a nurse strongly weigh up the use of stacked shocks (SS) during the time of cardiac arrest. Cardiological Society of India (CSI) regulations recommend that the use of a singular protocol of shock leading up to the ventricular fibrillation tachycardia cardiac arrest (www.csi.org.in 2017). However, there were certain fellow nurses who believes in controlling the tachycardia cardiac arrest with SS only because there have been enough success in doing the same, though I am unknown of any such data being present over the internet database supporting the same. The rate of success though is declining which might lead them to try something more esthetic. An opinion from expert is required during such situations though I would only be doing that if it has been mentioned in the guidelines of the CSI and not because it has been good in certain cases in both India and globally. The Affect of Working Environment on Patient Experiences: Healthcare organizations observe the experiences of patients for evaluating and developing the quality of care. Being a nurse, I do spend a lot of time with the patients, influencing heavily on the experiences of patients. For developing the experiences of patients related to the care quality, nurses need to understand the factors that persuade existing in the nursing work environment. The experiences of patients can be defined as reflection of things that took place during the care course and thereby offering information about the feat of healthcare workers (Harvey and Kitson 2015). Evaluating the experiences of patients about the eminence of care offers not only valuable information about the definite experiences, but also revealing the quality type patients regard being the most significant. Being a nurse, it is important to understand those experiences, perform research and implement the same into practice, which is not a uncomplicated process. PARIHS framework takes care of the essential factors determining the successful implementation that takes in evidence, context and facilitation (Sheikh et al. 2016). Facilitation can be considered as a vigorous element that has been considered as the doing part of the process of knowledge translation. Facilitation only holds well when the facilitator has the ability to empower people through guidance and reflection, persuading them to be receptive and interactive. A person who is being internally associated with the organization and its structure would be best suited for such purpose. Elderly patients in India do complain of lot of pain occurring in the backdrop of sensitive surroundings. According to Urquhart et al. (2014), each matter needs to offer enough relevant information for collection of the evidence with the results recognizing a shortage in knowledge along with the requirement of greater awareness around the difficulties in assessing pain in, handling of the elderly patients. Provision of informal services to staffs can facilitate changes along with the generation of the knowledge. Reference: Csi.org.in. (2017).Cardiological Society of India. [online] Available at: https://www.csi.org.in/ [Accessed 4 Apr. 2017]. Harfield, S., Davy, C., Kite, E., McArthur, A., Munn, Z., Brown, N. and Brown, A., 2015. Characteristics of Indigenous primary health care models of service delivery: a scoping review protocol.JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports,13(11), pp.43-51. Harvey, G. and Kitson, A., 2015. facilitation as the active ingredient in the parihs framework.Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in Healthcare: A Facilitation Guide, p.11. Nilsen, P., 2015. Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks.Implementation Science,10(1), p.53. Rycroft-Malone, J., Seers, K., Chandler, J., Hawkes, C.A., Crichton, N., Allen, C., Bullock, I. and Strunin, L., 2013. The role of evidence, context, and facilitation in an implementation trial: implications for the development of the PARIHS framework.Implementation Science,8(1), p.28. Sheikh, K., Schneider, H., Agyepong, I.A., Lehmann, U. and Gilson, L., 2016. Boundary-spanning: reflections on the practices and principles of Global Health.BMJ Global Health,1(1), p.e000058. Urquhart, R., Sargeant, J., Porter, G., Jackson, L. and Grunfeld, E., 2014. Expanding the PARiHS framework: thinking more broadly about context and facilitation.BMC Health Services Research,14(2), p.O10.

The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter-Analysis Essay The Scarlet Letter AnalysisNathaniel Hawthornes background influenced him to write the bold novel The Scarlet Letter. One important influence on the story is money. Hawthorne had never made much money as an author and the birth of his first daughter added to the financial burden (Biographical Note VII). He received a job at the Salem Custom House only to lose it three years later and be forced to write again to support his family (IX). Consequently, The Scarlet Letter was published a year later (IX). It was only intended to be a long short story, but the extra money a novel would bring in was needed (Introduction XVI). Hawthorne then wrote an introduction section titled The Custom House to extend the length of the book and The Scarlet Letter became a full novel (XVI). In addition to financial worries, another influence on the story is Hawthornes rejection of his ancestors. His forefathers were strict Puritans, and John Hathorne, his great-great-grandfather, was a judge presiding during the S! alem witch trials (Biographical Note VII). We will write a custom essay on The Scarlet Letter-Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Hawthorne did not condone their acts and actually spent a great deal of his life renouncing the Puritans in general (VII). Similarly, The Scarlet Letter was a literal soapbox for Hawthorne to convey to the world that the majority of Puritans were strict and unfeeling. For example, before Hester emerges from the prison she is being scorned by a group of women who feel that she deserves a larger punishment than she actually receives. Instead of only being made to stand on the scaffold and wear the scarlet letter on her chest, they suggest that she have it branded on her forehead or even be put to death (Hawthorne 51). Perhaps the most important influence on the story is the authors interest in the dark side (Introduction VIII). Unlike the transcendentalists of the era, Hawthorne confronted reality, rather than evading it (VII). Likewise, The Scarlet Letter deals with adultery, a subject that caused much scandal when it w! as first published (XV). The book revolves around sin and punishment, a far outcry from writers of the time, such as Emerson and Thoreau, who dwelt on optimistic themes (VII). This background, together with a believable plot, convincing characterization, and important literary devices enables Nathaniel Hawthorne in The Scarlet Letter to the develop the theme of the heart as a prison. The scaffold scenes are the most substantial situations in the story because they unify The Scarlet Letter in two influential ways. First of all, every scaffold scene reunites the main characters of the novel. In the first scene, everyone in the town is gathered in the market place because Hester is being questioned about the identity of the father of her child ( Hawthorne 52). In her arms is the product of her sin, Pearl, a three month old baby who is experiencing life outside the prison for the first time (53). Dimmesdale is standing beside the scaffold because he is Hesters pastor and it is his job to convince her to repent and reveal the fathers name (65). A short time later, Chillingworth unexpectedly shows up within the crowd of people who are watching Hester after he is released from his two year captivity by the Indians (61). In the second scene, Dimmesdale is standing on top of the scaffold alone in the middle of the night (152). He sees Hester and Pearl walk through the market place on their way back from Governor Winthrops bedside (157). When Dimmesdale recognizes them and tells them to join him, they walk up the steps to stand by his side (158). Chillingworth appears later standing beside the scaffold, staring at Dimmesdale, Hester, and Pearl. In the final scaffold scene, Dimmesdale walks to the steps of the scaffold in front of the whole town after his Election day sermon (263). .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178 , .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178 .postImageUrl , .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178 , .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178:hover , .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178:visited , .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178:active { border:0!important; } .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178:active , .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178 .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc4145b30d86071364bc08a054dc93178:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Canterbury tales-a personal pe Essay He tells Hester and Pearl to join him yet again on the scaffold (264). Chillingworth then runs through the crowd and tries to stop Dimmesdale from reaching the top of the scaffold, the one place where he cant reach him (265). Another way in which the scenes are united is how each illustrates the immediate, delayed, and prolonged effects