Secundum Atrial Septal Defect: Surgical Closure

Secundum Atrial Septal Defect: Surgical Closure Careful conclusion of secundum atrial septal imperfection in a patient with atrial situs solitus and intruded on sub-par vena cava: report of 2 cases Catchphrases: Interrupted second rate vena cava, Situs solitus, Atrium septal imperfections, constrained skin entry point Conceptual The event of an intruded on second rate vena cava (IVC) in setting of atrial situs solitus is generally uncommon. Here, we revealed two instances of the careful conclusion of secundum chamber septal deformities (ASDs) in patients with atrial situs solitus and an intruded on IVC. The main case was a 7-year-old kid with a secundum ASD without the back edge whose intruded on IVC and azygos continuation had been preoperatively analyzed by the echocardiography and cardiovascular catheterization. The activity was securely performed utilizing an enormous estimated venous waste cannula from the unrivaled vena cava (SVC). The subsequent case was a 2-year-old kid with a secundum ASD without the prevalent edge whose intruded on IVC was not analyzed at the preoperative assessment. The activity was performed through a middle incomplete sternotomy by means of a 5.0cm restricted skin entry point, so immediate assessment of the SVC was not plainly acquired. A cardiopulmonary detour was built up util izing the suggested size of venous seepage cannulae; in any case, the SVC couldn't be evacuated without raising the SVC pressure. Thus, the ASD was shut straightforwardly under sucking the venous come back from the SVC without catching it. Post-employable registered tomography recognized an intruded on IVC with azygos continuation and a determination of both supracardinal veins, known as a twofold IVC. Presentation Though an interfered with substandard vena cava (IVC) as a result of the nonattendance of its hepatic fragment is principally noted in patients with heterotaxy condition, the event of an intruded on IVC inside the atrial situs solitus is accounted for as running from 0.08 to 0.1% [1,2,3]. In these patients, cardiovascular contortions are as often as possible related, and the principle kinds of irregularities incorporate atrial septal imperfections (ASDs, 10.5 %) and ventricular septal deformities (7.5 %) [1]. In spite of the fact that this fundamental venous oddity gives no indications without anyone else, it is by all accounts pertinent in heart medical procedure, particularly in systems that require approaches through the correct chamber. Here, we detailed two instances of the careful conclusion of secundum ASD in patients with atrial situs solitus and intruded on IVC, concentrating on perioperative discoveries and related issues. Case Case 1 A clinically asymptomatic 7-year-old kid (body weight, 22 kg; tallness, 125 cm) with an ASD secundum, which was recognized at 10 years old months, was conceded for careful conclusion of the injury. Gadget ASD conclusion by catheter intercession was contraindicated as a result of the nonattendance of the back edge. Preoperative echocardiography uncovered an atrial sinus solitus with a 18 by 21-mm ASD secundum without the back edge and relative valvular aspiratory stenosis. Likewise, intruded on IVC was associated in light of the fact that waste with the IVC into the correct chamber was not distinguished. Cardiovascular catheterization to evaluate the sign for careful aspiratory valvotomy indicated a fundamental and pneumonic blood stream proportion of 3.14 and pull-buck pressure angle of 10 mmHg from the correct ventricle to the primary aspiratory supply route. Moreover, no hepatic portion of the IVC was recognized; in this manner, an intruded on IVC with azygos continuation was affir med (Fig. 1). Through the middle full sternotomy, a cardiopulmonary detour was built up utilizing blood vessel cannulation through rising aorta perfusion with a 16-Fr cannula and venous seepage from the prevalent vena cava (SVC) and the hepatic vein utilizing 28 and 20 Fr cannulae, though suggested cannulae sizes were 20 and 24 Fr, individually. The ASD secundum was shut straightforwardly through the privilege atriotomy under moderate hypothermia and cardioplegic capture. The activity was finished with no issues. Case 2 A clinically asymptomatic 2-year-old kid (body weight, 10 kg; tallness, 81 cm) had as of late been determined to have an enormous ASD secundum without the unrivaled edge. Further assessment uncovered an atrial sinus solitus, a 18 by 18-mm ASD secundum without the predominant edge, and a bicuspid aortic valve. Notwithstanding, an interfered with IVC was not analyzed. Through a middle incomplete sternotomy by means of a constrained skin entry point (50mm long), a cardiopulmonary detour was set up utilizing blood vessel cannulation through climbing aorta perfusion with a 12-Fr cannula and venous waste from the SVC and hepatic vein, despite the fact that it was believed to be an IVC around then, utilizing the suggested sizes of 16 and 18 Fr cannulae. During the medical procedure, the SVC was endeavored to be trapped, yet it couldn't be a direct result of the raising SVC pressure. The profundity of cannula and the area of trapping were more than once changed without settling this issue; along these lines, the SVC was left without being trapped. The ASD secundum was shut legitimately under moderate hypothermia and cardioplegic capture with sucking the venous come back from the SVC. Weaning off from cardiopulmonary detour was uneventful, and the activity was finished with no issues. Post-usable processed tomography demonstrated an intruded on IVC with azygos continuation and a constancy of both supracardinal veins, known as twofold IVC (Fig. 2). On clinical registration at the outpatient center one year after release, propelled debilitated sinus disorder was identified by electrocardiography. 24-Hour Holter electrocardiography checking demonstrated that the complete number of pulses was 142,036 every day, 8 beats of disconnected untimely atrial withdrawals, and had no proof of untimely ventricular constrictions or more than 2.5 seconds of sinus present. Conversation Like the first introduced case, an intruded on IVC with azygos continuation can as a rule be analyzed by preoperative echocardiography [1], which can be effortlessly rewarded at the foundation of a cardiopulmonary detour by choosing enough measured venous cannulae. In the event that it isn't preoperatively analyzed, direct intra-employable examination for the most part makes the analysis conceivable. Be that as it may, the restorative result must be mulled over during careful ASD fix just as secure deformity conclusion after the promotion of percutaneous gadget conclusion, as in the subsequent case. Along these lines, a restricted skin cut with fractional sternotomy was chosen for this patient, which sadly interfered with away from of the SVC. Determination of huge measured SVC waste cannula ought to have been viewed as first during lacking venous seepage, notwithstanding, which was conceded in light of the fact that the all out cardiopulmonary detour was effectively settled as long as the SVC was not trapped. Similar to our strategy, the IVC isn't trapped during the end of the ASD secundum so as to get a specific distinguishing proof of the back edge. In this manner, the tip of the IVC seepage cannula was situated at the IVC around the privilege atrial intersection for adequate waste of both the IVC and hepatic venous blood stream. Thus, such a move empowered the foundation of an all out cardiopulmonary detour with little measured SVC waste cannula and in the long run enormous â€Å"hepatic vein† cannula. As appeared in Case 2, an odd IVC is known to go with different cadence issue, however just a couple of cases have been accounted for [4,5]. One of the reasons for mood issue is the degeneration of the atrial muscle around the sinus hub, which may happen because of a nearby volume over-burden on the sinus hub by the nearness of azygos continuation. In spite of the fact that the complete number of heart pulsates was all around kept up and more than 2.5 seconds of a sinus present was not seen up to this point, a planned follow-up was compulsory for early identification of further headway of the sinus hub brokenness. In outline, two careful encounters of secundum ASD related with an interfered with IVC with azygos continuation were accounted for. Under incomplete sternotomy through restricted skin entry point, safety measures ought to be taken to distinguish the nearness of this venous abnormality if venous waste from the SVC isn't satisfactorily acquired utilizing cannula of the suggested size.

Economics Make the World Go Round Essay Example

Financial matters Make the World Go Round Essay Example Financial matters Make the World Go Round Essay Financial matters Make the World Go Round Essay [pic] Money Makes the World Go Round By, Chris Jarrett 4-11-11 Period 3 Money drives everything and everyone. In the event that you realize how to manage cash, you’re likely happier than somebody who doesn’t. There are three essentially persuasive financial analysts that helped change the manner in which we look and consider cash and the economy; Adam Smith, John Keynes, and David Ricardo. These men all thought of efficient hypotheses that we despite everything concentrate today, including the Invisible Hand, Government Intervention, Theory of Rent, and different others. Adam Smith who lived in Scotland during the 1700s idea of a wide range of prudent speculations. One of them was the Invisible Hand. The Invisible Hand hypothesis comes down to stating that the economy will change in accordance with the necessities of purchasers and dealers after some time. â€Å"The hypothesis of the Invisible Hand expresses that if every customer is permitted to pick openly what to purchase and every maker is permitted to pick unreservedly what to sell and how to create it, the market will choose an item appropriation and costs that are useful to all the individual individuals from a network, and henceforth to the network all in all. (Wikipedia). Adam Smith didn’t concur with government mediation. He felt that the administration ought not be associated with the economy framework and that individuals ought to battle for themselves, sort of as they do today in Hong Kong. Adam Smith’s thought of personal circumstance expresses that â€Å"in the demonstr ation of watching others makes individuals mindful of themselves and the profound quality of their own conduct. † (Wikipedia). At the end of the day, that implies that when individuals study and take a gander at different people’s decisions and activities, they can turn out to be increasingly mindful of themselves and settle on better decisions. With everything taken into account, Adam Smith was a financial expert that had good thoughts that are as yet being discussed today. Another recognisible financial analyst is John Keynes. While Adam Smith was against government mediation. Keynes was for it. He clarifies that without government intercession, the economy would remain caught with low emloyment. As it were, Keynes is right in light of the fact that the administration gives numerous things that are genuinely necessary. The administration utilizes the entirety of the city laborers, for example, educators, fire fighters, police officers, anad government officials. The legislature additionally causes some huge organizations from failing by giving cash to them to continue working. Keynes additionally clarifies that the legislature can help decrease joblessness levels by making more occupations. To sum up, John Keynes was an econimist who principally figured the administration ought to interven when required. A last inportant financial analyst is David Ricardo. Ricardo had a ton of thoughts regarding exchange and universal exchange. He accepted that exchange couldn't hurt an economy, yet just advantage it. He says that there ought to be no limitations on exchange, that individuals should simply leave it to compitition. Ricardo likewise thought of a thought regarding rent. He expresses that lease is the distinction between the produce acquired by the work of two equivalent amounts of capital and work. (Wikipedia). This essentially implies when there are different properties, lease will be charge on the more costly ones, as opposed to the less expensive ones. In a word, Ricardo was a special case financial specialist that had numerous thoughts regarding exchange and lease. Out of every one of these financial specialists, the one that I would concur with the most would need to be John Keynes. His thoughts regarding government intercession are sensible and practible. I accept that the governmen t is here to support us, particularly in muddled zones, for example, the ecomony. The legislature should help organizations that are going to fail on the grounds that they’re helping the organization, yet theyt are helping the laborers. I believe that all schools ought to be instructed pretty much every one of the three of these financial analysts, however for the most part about John Keynes. Cash is all over the place. All that you use, eat, or contact was purchased with someone’s hard earned cash. In today’s extreme economy, it is critical to learn and concentrate how cash and financial matters work. That is actually what Adam Smith, John Keynes, and David Ricardo did many years prior when they thought of their hypotheses, and that is actually what economisists are doing today. Book reference Wikipedia. Web. 10 Apr. 2011. .

Blog Archive August 2017 Event Roundup

Blog Archive August 2017 Event Roundup Are you applying to business school this fall? If so, you can enroll in one of our free business school workshops, which are offered both online and in person in major cities across the country! This month, we invite you to join us in Boston; NYC; and online! The event lineup includes the following sessions: AUGUST 2: Essay Writing Workshop (Boston) How can you write essays that grab the attention of MBA admissions committees? In this session, we will use this simple but often perplexing question as the starting point to a workshop for prospective business school applicants. Attendees will walk through a series of exercises that challenge them to uncover their personal and nuanced stories, craft compelling opening statements, develop meaningful goal statements, connect their goals to their target schools resources, and more. AUGUST 9 Essay Writing Workshop (NYC) How can you write essays that grab the attention of MBA admissions committees? In this session, we will use this simple but often perplexing question as the starting point to a workshop for prospective business school applicants. Attendees will walk through a series of exercises that challenge them to uncover their personal and nuanced stories, craft compelling opening statements, develop meaningful goal statements, connect their goals to their target schools resources, and more. AUGUST 9: Writing a Standout HBS Essay (Online) In our presentation, “Writing a Standout HBS Application Essay,” we will help you conceptualize your essay ideas and understand how to execute them so that your experiences truly stand out. AUGUST 22 The Last Minute MBA Application (Online) In this session, we will review practical ways of making the most of the time you still have and provides concrete strategies for completing your applications on timeâ€"and with the quality you want. To enroll in one of our free seminars, click the event title in the list above. We look forward to having you join us! Share ThisTweet Events mbaMission Events

Cultural Comparison - Russia and US Education - 6674 Words

A Cultural Comparison of Higher Education in Russia and the United States of America Intercultural Communications August 19th, 2014 â€Å"Inculcation is the gradual coming to know something through mundane processes of training and learning† (Chetro-Szivos, J. Lecture 1). Through inculcation we acquire a set of dispositions that mold the body and eventually become second nature to the actor. Paralleling this concept with education systems in place around the world, many similarities can be drawn. In this paper, we compare universities, or four-year institutions, in Russia and the United States. To begin, a description of a typical Russian university will be given.†¦show more content†¦Kandidat nauk can be achieved within university environment (when the university is engaged in active research in the chosen field), specialized research facilities or within research and development units in industry. Typical kandidat nauk path from admission to diploma takes 2–4 years. The dissertation paper should contain a solution of an existing scientific problem, or a practical proposal with significant economical or military potential. The title is often perceived as equivalent to Western Ph.D., although this may vary depending on the field of study, and may not be seen as such outside of Russia. Doktor nauk, the next stage, implies achieving significant scientific results. The dissertation paper should summarize the author s research resulting in theoretical statements that are qualified as a new discovery, or solution of an existing problem, or a practical proposal with significant economical or military potential. The road from kandidat to doktor typically takes 10 years of dedicated research activity; one in four candidates reach this stage. The system implies that the applicants must work in their research field full-time; however, the degrees in social sciences are routinely awarded to active politicians. Academic titles of dotsent and professor are issued to active university staff that has already achieved degrees of kandidat or doktor; the rules prescribe minimum residency term, authoring established study textbooks in theirShow MoreRelatedGenghis Khan and Mongolia1565 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction and Overview Even though Mongolia is one of the biggest country by area, it has a very small population. It is slightly over 3 million people. Mongolia is in Northern Asia, between China and Russia. Mongolia contains vast semi desert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central. Mongolia has sensational weather temperature, it has 4 season that it could get real serious if disaster happens. Mongolia is close to the equator, which meansRead MoreThe Turkish Culture Is Like No Other Essay723 Words   |  3 Pagesto the languages of its bordering nations. The language has a total of 29 letters, 8 of which are vowels. This provides ease when travelling throughout countries. Several pieces of the Turkish language have been derived from Latin. This is called cultural borrowing. Because there are numerous Kurdish citizens in Turkey, Kurdish is also a widespread language. English is the most used foreign language, and it is required for pupils to learn i n secondary schools. Some high schools and colleges teachRead MoreDISMANTLING OF THE SOVIET UNION700 Words   |  3 Pagesindividual states. Russia occupied slightly over three-quarters of the Soviet Union and remained to be the most influential nation in the region. By the time Chernenko died, Russia had seen radical transformation when compared to the state of the country when Joseph Stalin took office 32 years before. Millions of youths were well educated with millions entering higher education. The well-educated professionals became instrumental in creating social groups that embraced cultural liberalization asRead MoreThe Rise Of China Is Destroying The United States1417 Words   |  6 PagesThe debate on whether the rise of China is displacing the United States (US) as hegemon is a contentious debate. While scholars on the one hand argue that this is the case, others refute this by arguing that despite the increase of Chinese influence in the South-Pacific, it is still far away from becoming a global superpower. Using the theoretical lenses of Hegemonic Stability, Balance of Power, and Realism, this paper will argue that the rise of China as global hegemon lacks theoretical support;Read MoreEssay on Capitalism Vs. Socialism1805 Words   |  8 PagesComparisons between countries and regions before and after the advent of capitalism in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Europe as well as a comparison of Cuba and the ex-communist countries provide us with an adequate basis to draw some definitive conclusions. Fifteen years of transition to capitalism is more than adequate time to judge the performance and impact of capitalist politicians, privatizations, free market policies and other restoration measures on the economy, society and generalRead MoreThe Underlying Profitability Of Importing American Books Into Chinese Market Through The Aspect Of Culture And Economy Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesto people all over the world not only for his ideology but also his great theory in education. In terms of political party system, China insists multi-party cooperation and political consultation system under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. III. Geographical setting A. Location: China is located in the east of Eurasia and the West pacific. And it neighbors Japan in east, Pakistan in west, Russia in north, and Laos and Burma in south. B. Climate: China has various climate characteristicsRead MoreEssay about Pestel Analysis Russian Federation3424 Words   |  14 PagesThis part of the dissertation will analyze main political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal issues within the Russian Federation. All of the Interviewees outlined the political aspect as the most important when investing into Russia, however the Author would like to acknowledge that the economical and legal factors have a critical weight in the issues of FDI, therefore their analysis will play a comprehensive role in the thesis, assuming that the initial reader has no backgroundRead MoreGolda Meir Reached for the Stars Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesGolda Mabovits, was born on May 3, 1898 in Kyiv, Russia. Today, Kyiv is the capital of Ukrain. She was the seventh child in the Mabovitch family, and had two sisters: the younger sister Clara, or Zipke as her family called her, and Shana, or Sheyna as her family often referred t o her as. She is the older sister whom Golda admired and would help form Golda’s life. The other five siblings had died in early childhood (Prymachyk). Life was hard in Russia in those times food was scarce, and money scarcerRead MoreThe Astana Economic Forum1520 Words   |  6 Pagesconsideration to the G-20 Summit held in September 2013 as well as the G-8 Summit, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the United Nations. At the conclusion of the sixth AEF, agreements of global business cooperation totaling over $2.7 billion US dollars were signed and a collaborative WAC led to a World Anti-Crisis plan to help avoid and alleviate the effects of a future financial crisis2. By promoting international cooperation and global action, the AEF promotes commitment to solving currentRead MoreAmerica s Strategic Thinkers Who Think Asia Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesthe assumption. Moreover, there will be reasons why the Middle East is ‘still’ more important than Asia, along with comparison for each. And by the end of this essay, with backing from the main part, the conclusion will be able to show the supports for the mentioned opinion. To begin, we will start with the historical background of the US with the Middle East and Asia (mostly the US and the Middle East), in order to set a fundamental understanding. American government, for the whole historical period

Chaos And Sorrow In The Great Gatsby - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 753 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Great Gatsby Essay Did you like this example? In the first six chapters of the book, The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, we learn about the characters. For instance, Jay Gatsby is known as a wealthy man who throws whopping parties to attract a person named Daisy. Gatsby and Daisy were close 5 years prior before she married Tom Buchanan. She married Tom because he had money. So Gatsby wants to prove to Daisy that he has money too. Gatsbys next door neighbor, Nick Carraway, who is the narrator of this story, becomes included in the lives of these characters. As the story continues in chapter seven, there are serious conflicts that reveal turning points in the story. For example, Nick glimpses through Gatsby for who he really is. Also, as Daisy and Gatsby continue to cover their relationship, Tom has his suspicions and eventually figures it out. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Chaos And Sorrow In The Great Gatsby" essay for you Create order Finally, theres an unfortunate event that will change everyones life. As chapter seven begins, Nick starts to perceive Gatsby as who he really is, rather than the one hes portraying to everyone else. He fires all of his servants so they wont gossip: I wanted somebody who wouldnt gossip. Daisy comes over quite often in the afternoons. So the whole caravansary had fallen in like a card house at the disapproval in her eyes. (Fitzgerald, pg. 114). Gatsby also doesnt throw parties anymore. that the lights in his house failed to go on one Saturday night (Fitzgerald, pg. 113). Gatsby got what he wanted with those parties, which was Daisys attention and love. Although many parties took place and many people came, none of the people were as important to him as Daisy, who lived across the lake. Knowing this, Nick sees through Gatsbys back story. As conflict goes on, many relationships are floating in the air; some known and some unrevealed. Daisy and Gatsby are a couple in the shadows until Daisys husband, Tom, shines a light on their relationship. Tom was beyond himself when he learned about this: She had told him that she loved him, and Tom Buchanan saw. He was astounded. (Fitzgerald, pg. 119). Now that Tom knows about their relationship, he starts digging out Gatsbys past, finding rocks of information to break apart and make Gatsby crack. Tom says Ive made a small investigation of this fellow. (Fitzgerald, pg. 122). The Great Gatsby Nick Mullen Tom forces Gatsby to admit he wasnt an Oxford man by saying that he only went there for five months. Tom eventually gets to his breaking point and confronts Gatsby about his relationship with Daisy. At this point, Daisy defends Gatsby by turning on Tom and tells him to have some self-control (Fitzgerald, pg. 129). As relationships are finally being discovered, everyone is dealing with who did what to whom. This is a turning point where their lives will never be the same. In everyones life theres always an unfortunate event or turning point. For the characters in the story, tragedy hit them as they didnt see it coming. In Nicks eyes, he gazes to the future when he says So we drove on toward death through the cooling twilight. (Fitzgerald, pg. 136). In fact, there was a car accident and someone died. Myrtle assumes Tom is driving Gatsbys car as its coming back from New York. Not realizing whos behind the wheel, she runs into the street to get what she thinks is his attention. Unknowing that its Daisy behind the wheel, Myrtle gets hit by Gatsbys car and she dies. Daisy fails to realize not only has she killed someone, but her husbands girlfriend. Dont always take things for granted because youll never know what could happen in the future. For Myrtle, it was letting her feet take action before her brain causing every characters life to never be the same. Through the book, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald creates chaos and sorrow. Gatsby is revealed as who he really is, a liar making false claims to get someone he wants. Daisy is revealed as a murderer, even if its unintentional. Tom is demanding and rude, and may have just lost both women in his life. And finally, theres Nick, a man thrown into everyones lives, basically as a bystander, who isnt too thrilled for his future outcome when he says I was thirty. Before me stretched the portentous menacing road of a new decade. (Fitzgerald, pg. 135). Uhh, lets not forget Myrtle, who dies and thus has no story to tell. Through all the great times and sad times in life, ones story can never be perfect.

Organ Donation For Organ Transplants - 2418 Words

INTRODUCTION Organ donation is one of the most pressing health policy issues for our government to deal with and organ donation rates in England must increase in order to meet the demand for organs on waiting lists. Furthermore, the demand for surgical procedures such as organ transplantation has rapidly increased after scientific breakthroughs in transplant technologies as well as the advent of new medicines to reduce many problems associated with transplants, thereby increasing the life expectancy of people receiving the transplant. With more than 7000 to 8000 people on the waiting list in England alone, on the waiting list for an organ transplant and only an estimated 2,800 organs that are transplanted each year (NHSBT 2016), there is a significant shortage of organs available for transplant. There is an increasing concern that the current system for organ donation in England, is failing to meet the demand in organs needed for transplantation. The number of people needing transplants is going up steadily by about 8 percent each year.(b) The number of premature deaths has also increased to approximately 1000 (Rieu. 2010) every year and this is conceivably the most tragic reminder that the current system is failing us. To combat this problem, many health researchers have suggested changes to change the organ donation laws, from informed consent to presumed consent. THE CURRENT AND PROPOSED SYSTEMS/ DIFFERENT TYPES OF SYSTEMS The difference Since the Human Tissue ActShow MoreRelatedOrgan Transplants : An Organ Donation2555 Words   |  11 PagesUrrea J. Forsythe English 1 A January 20, 2015 Donating Organs Did you know that over one hundred thousand people in the U.S. are waiting for an organ donation? Do you know what an organ transplant is? An organ transplant is when an organ is replaced, a failing organ with a healthy organ from another person. The reason behind an organ transplant is to help people who have organs failing, and those people that have some sort of disease in their organs. When you become a donor, you help improve researchRead MoreOrgan Donation For An Organ Transplant1811 Words   |  8 Pageswaiting for an organ transplant. They also state that one organ donor can save up to eight lives. Those are significant numbers that should make us very much aware of the monumental impact organ donation can have on the lives of so many critically ill patients and their families. Although the tragedy of an accident or horrifying event is sometimes unbearable for the patient and the patient’s family, it may result in what some may call a â€Å"new hope† for those who are awaiting organ transplantationRead MoreOrgan Donation : A Transplant1141 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Organ donation is the surgical process of providing one or more organs to be used for transplantation into another person. Organ donors can be deceased or living† (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2016, p. 1). The very first successful organ transplant was a kidney transplant performed in 1954. By the late 1960’s they were successfully transplanting livers, hearts and pancreases. Lung and intestinal transplants came shortly after in the 1980’s. At this very second 121,574 people areRead MoreShould Organ Donation Be An Organ Transplant?947 Words   |  4 Pagesbut hardly anyone is doing it, organ donation is decreasing while the need is increasing Everyone should become an organ donor. It doesn’t cost a thing and can improve or save someone’s life after the death of another. This sound like simple facts, then why is it that 19 people die each day waiting for an organ transplant?(Mayoclinic.org) Body How to become a donor There are a few easy ways to become a donor. One, every state allows for registration for organ donation. In Illinois this can be doneRead MoreOrgan Donation Is The Surgical Removal Of Organs Or A Tissue Transplant?1430 Words   |  6 PagesOrgan donation is the surgical removal of organs or a tissue transplanted to another for the purpose of exchanging a failed organ injured by disease or injury. Organs and tissues that can be transferred are liver, kidneys, pancreas, heart, lungs, intestines, cornea, middle ear, skin, bone, bone marrow, heart valves, and connective tissues. Each person regardless of age can consider themselves a prospective donors. Before one dies, he/she is assessed to see if they might be appropriate for organ donationRead MoreInformative Speech Organ Donation and Transplant Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pagestwo hours someone dies waiting for an organ transplant. 18 people will die each day waiting for an organ. One organ donor can save up to 8 lives. . THE NEE D IS REAL In Jan 2006 I began to lose my eyesight. A year later I became a candidate for cornea tissue transplant. I am a cornea tissue transplant recipient. As a result I felt is necessary to inform you about the history and facts on organ donation and transplantation. C. Audience Adaptation – Organ transplantation represents a unique partnershipRead MoreThe Importance of Promoting Organ Donations Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pageswaiting list to receive an organ transplant, for some people the waiting process can be very long, and for others it can be short. To many people having someone give a gift of an organ donation is known has a second chance, a fresh start, and a new beginning at living a normal life again. Every year people on the wait list increase in numbers due to lack of organ donation shortages therefore, finding a donor becomes difficult because in order to receive a transplant the recipient must be compatibleRead MoreThe Organ Trafficking Epidemic Essay1111 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals partake in organ trafficking which shows that organ trafficking is a valid issue that must be handled. As of now, U.S. citizens are not prohibited to buy organs outside of the United States by NOTA (National Organ Transplant Act of 1984). In â€Å"Can The Government Ban Organ Sale? Recent Court Challenges And The Future Of US Law On Selling Human Organs And Other Tissue†, Glenn I. Cohen states that â€Å". . . if a US citizen travels abroad to buy a kidney or other organ his act is not prohibitedRead MoreA Regulated Organ Market1559 Words   |  7 PagesTrujillo is a 29-year-old man who was born with renal dysplasia, which caused his kidneys to be too small to work correctly. He has needed four kidney transplants in his life, receiving the first when he was four years old. One kidney came from his father, his aunt, his uncle, and his brother. All four transplants have been successful, and without the transplants Trujillo would have to receive dialysis three times a week for four hours a day (Knoll, 2012). Trujillo’s family has been remarkably generous inRead MoreOrgan Donation Should Be Compulsory1702 Words   |  7 Pagesfor an organ transplant. Of the over 100,000 people on this list it is estimated that 18 people die each day due to the lack of available organs (American Transplant Foundation, 2014) What if these lives could be saved and the number of available organs for transplant could be increased exponentially? Does it make moral, financial, or ethical sense to bury or incinerate perfectly viable organs that could be used to save the lives others? The purpose of this paper is to argue that organ donation

Sales and Service Management Acknowledge and Approach

Question: Discuss about the Sales and Service Management for Acknowledge and Approach. Answer: Introduction This study discusses on the subject of Sales and Service Management. This assignment includes mainly two models of sales and service management. During this assignment, the sales and service management at Harvey Norman are analyzed with the help of ABCs (Acknowledge and Approach; Body language; Communication) and the Servqual Gap Model. At the end of the assignment, the conclusion is obtained by considering the overall findings of the study. The ABCs of service provision Harvey Norman is one of the leading retailers in Australia. The business of the company is not only limited in Australia, but also it has expanded its business in New Zealand and Ireland. This huge success in the business world clearly indicates that the employees of the organization are quite efficient in handling their customers. If the sales and service management of Harvey Norman are analyzed as per their ABC (Acknowledge and Approach; Body language; Communication), then it can be stated that the sales people of the company treat every customers with equal priority. Each customer is valuable to the employees at Harvey Norman and they believe that all the people, who come to the store, are customers (Harveynorman.com.au, 2016). The management at Harvey Norman claims that they provide the products of leading brands at best the best price. The sales people of the company always try to interact with the customers with a positive body language. It helps the employees to motivate the customers towards purchase (Clarke Eales-Reynolds, 2015). The employees at sales department try to provide each service properly. In order to provide more comfort and satisfaction to the customers, the company has arranged for the sitting places in and outside store. However, currently, the company is facing the employee shortage problem while handling the customers. As the company provides home services, it requires more employees, so that customers always get service on time (Harveynorman.com.au, 2016). In order to communicate with the customers in better way, the company mainly focused on the online communication system. The company uses the social media like Gmail and Facebook to communicate with its employees. For example, the company sends email to its customers if they launch any new service, offer or discounts. Sometimes, the company arranges for survey in order to know the customers perceptions about the products and services. At the same time, Harvey Norman also provides the SMS service to the customers. The company always believes in communicating with the customers in short and simple language. Therefore, as per the overall analysis, it can be said that the company that is Harvey Norman follows a better way to enhance its business by proper handling of customers. SERVQUAL Gap Model The quality of services provided by Harvey and Norman can also be analyzed with the help of SERVQUAL model. As per this particular model, the customers at any company always have the expectation, which is higher than the perception that they have regarding the service that they receive (Al-Momani, 2015). This model of service quality analysis, talks about five different gaps that are existing between the customers expectations and the actual service quality. Below, the service quality at Harvey Norman is analyzed by analyzing the five gaps as per the SERVQUAL model: GAP 1 - Customers expectations vs. companys belief regarding the expectations of the customers Harvey Norman believes that the customers always expect best quality of products at best possible price. Due to this, the company includes the top branded products in its product ranges. However, there are some customers, who look for the products at lower price level. This type of customers does not want top branded products but price is the main factor for them. Therefore, for these customers, the value of the products at Harvey Norman sometimes does not fulfill their expectations (Harveynorman.com.au, 2016). Gap 2 Companys belief regarding customers expectations vs. service resources Harvey Norman provides not only the in-store service, but it also provides the home service. The company believes that the customers always expect comfort at the time of purchase and after the purchase. At the same time, the company also believes that the service like installation helps to satisfy the customers largely. However, sometimes customers do not get satisfied with the service provided by Harvey Norman. Expectation of each customer is not same and due to this company cannot satisfy each customer at each time, which create inadequate perceptions. Gap 3 Performance and service delivery vs. service resource Harvey Norman has few employees, who are not that much technologically efficient and few employees are also there, who cannot handle the customers in better way. Due to these employees, conflicts arise and the control system of the company is affected. The team performance of the company also affected due to this employee inefficiency (Harveynorman.com.au, 2016). Gap 4 External communication vs. delivery of service The management at Harvey Norman always tries to communicate with the customers in a better manner. However, sometimes, the communication strategy of the company does not perform as per the expectations of the company. Due to the improper communication, customers sometimes have wrong perception. For example, the company highlights that it provides the home services; however, it does not communicate the conditions for home delivery service. This creates gap between the external communication and delivery of service (Harveynorman.com.au, 2016). Gap 5 Gap between the customers perceptions and expectations of delivered service This gap is mainly created by the advertisements of the company. In the advertisements, the company does not disclose all terms and conditions of their offers. At the same time, in advertisement, the company always tries to prove itself best. However, when the customers come in the stores, many of them do not find the actual quality of products and service that they have expected. This creates the gap between expectations and perceptions of customers Conclusion In this study, it has been identified that at Harvey Norman the employees consider each customer with similar priority. They provide each necessary service to make the customers happy. They always have positive body language while handling the customers. However, as per the SERVQRAL model, there are some gaps between the service provided by the company and expectations of the customers. Reference list: Al-Momani, M. M. (2015). Gap Analysis between Perceptions and Expectations of Medical-Surgical Patients in a Public Hospital in Saudi Arabia.Medical Principles and Practice,25(1), 79-84. Clarke, C., Eales-Reynolds, L. J. (2015). Human factors paradigm and customer care perceptions.International journal of health care quality assurance,28(3), 288-299. Harveynorman.com.au. (2016). Harveynorman.com.au. Retrieved 1 August 2016, from https://www.harveynorman.com.au/

NAME KANYAI RUTENDO S Essays - Safety, Safety Engineering

NAME KANYAI RUTENDO S REG. NUMBER R121166A PROGRAMME HAD COURSE AD222 LECTURER MR TADERERA T/A MR TINARWO QUESTION D iscuss the utility of the International Labour Organization's Occupational Health and Management System. TUTORIAL GROUP TUESDAY (9-10am) Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is a discipline dealing with the prevention of work related injuries and diseases, and the protection and promotion of the health of workers. It aims at the improvement of working conditions and environment. It is an area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work of employment. The goals of occupational safety and health programs include fostering a sa fe and healthy work environment. OSH may also protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, and many others who might be affected by the workplace environment. In the United States the term occupational health a nd safety includes safety for activities outside of work . The International Labour Organization (ILO) formulated an Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OHS-MS) to facilitate the formulation, implementation and evaluation of interventions at a national policy, sector and organizational level in all countries. As the discussion here is going highlight, the significance of OSH-MS is brought out or displayed through the ILO guidelines which include po licy, organizing, planning and i mplementati on, evaluation, and action for i mprovement . These provide guidance for implementation at two lev e ls which are the organizational and national level. The ILO-OSH 2001 was developed to provide a unique international model, compatible with other management system standards and guides, towards promoting occupational health and safety (ILO, 2011; 2010). In the ILO document ILO-OSH 2001, Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems, the basic components of this system include po licy, organizing, planning and i mplementation, evaluation, and acti on for improvement. Policy contains the elemen ts of OSH policy and worker p art icipation. It is the basis of the OSH-MS as it sets the direction for the organization to follow .The employer, in consultation with workers and their representatives, should set out in writing an OSH policy, which should be specific to the organization and appropriate to its size and the nature of its activities (ILO, 2010). The OSH policy should include principles and objectives to which the organization is committed and these may include protecting the safety and health of all members of the organization by preventing work-related injuries, ill health, diseases and incidents. It should comply with relevant OSH national laws and regulations for example the Labour Act Chapter 28.01, voluntary programmes, collective agreements on OSH and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, ensuring that workers and their representatives are consulted and encouraged to participate actively in all elements of the OSH-MS and continually improving the performance of the OSH-MS. However it can be noted that very few organisations have a policy dealing with OSH-MS. In the wood sector in Zimbabwe there are no clear policies with safety and health issues. Wood workers seem not to be covered by appropriate national safety and health standards and managers are not taking keen account of the risks linked with wood processing. Worker participation is an essential element of the OSH-MS in the organization. The employer should ensure that workers and their safety and health representatives are consulted, informed and trained on all aspects of OSH, including emergency arrangements, associated with their work (Alli, 2001; ILO, 2010). Arrangements should be made by the employer for workers and their safety and health representatives to have the time and resources to participate actively in the processes of organizing, planning and implementation , evaluation and action for the improvement of the OSH-MS. It must be noted that e mployees spend most of their waking hours at work and they have a unique knowledge of work processes, which is essential in identifying hazards at work therefore are more likely to follow and abide with safety requirements if they participate in the processes of risk assessment and risk control . Worker participation is enhanced through the establishment of health committees for example the establishment of a standing committee of Safety Health and Environment (the SHE committee) by the Chamber of Mines of Zimbabwe. This committee 's mandate

Analysis The World Is Flat A Brief History of the Twenty

Analysis The World Is Flat A Brief History of the Twenty Central Theme The central theme in this book as portrayed by Friedman, is how globalization has changed some of the core economic areas. According to Friedman, the world has become flat through various transformations such as technological advancement and enhanced communication (Friedman, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Analysis: â€Å"The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century† by Thomas Friedman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In an attempt to explain how the world has become flat, Friedman discusses major steps under which globalization has taken place; in fact he defines these ten steps as ‘world flatteners’ (Friedman, 2006). Friedman argues that around the year 2000, the world entered a new era; this is the era of globalization where accessibility of information has become easier which is what he describes as flattened world where there is equal playing fi eld of economic achievements. It is during this time that people have found new ways through which they can collaborate; these ways are referred in the book as the â€Å"world flatteners† (Friedman, 2006). For instance, the fifth flattener also known as outsourcing Friedman explains that the advancement in technology has enabled companies to delegate jobs in remote countries which reduce costs by way of internet communication. Again due to occurrence of globalization, people are now able to connect and interact much faster through several communication channels more rapidly than before as stipulated in the steroids flattener that involves use of wireless sharing of information such as iPods and other personal devices. Indeed, the world now has equal opportunity for all people and therefore competition in the business sector has just taken a new twist. As such, Friedman compares the modern business trends which he describes to be similar to a river, because of the way they hav e streamlined sale of products (Friedman, 2006). With increased competition comes equal opportunities and equalized income which means that US is now under more pressure to remain competitive in many areas in order to remain relevant as a superpower since they will be facing a lot of challenges from other countries; notably, India and China which are becoming more advanced.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Relevance The concept found in book, World is flat, is a series of transformation described as â€Å"world flatteners† which are said to have occurred in the economic and business sectors which have significantly contributed to equalization of the world in many aspects (Friedman, 2006). In comparison to the book, The American Dream by Jason DeParle, the book questions and investigates how America came to achieve so much dominance and power in the m anagement in the world affairs. In the book, The American dream, US is described to have undergone through a lot of transformation to become the greatest economical and political power in the world today (DeParle, 2005). The book posits that this has not been an easy road to success and argues that there is so much that has contributed to America becoming successful. The solidarity that unites US for instance has contributed to the drive and energy that has facilitated innovations and creativity that has driven competition. According DeParle, all that lies within the American great foundation, is a great culture that has been promoted over years, this has consequently contributed to social mobility and growth (2005). This as compared to the book The World is Flat is seen as being the key concepts of success. Similarly, cultural changes have also occurred in the world just as argued in the book The World is flat. The world has become flat as different cultures including those that we re previously threatened have become integrated. In this book, Friedman describes how the world, just like â€Å"The American dream† has accepted changes and embraced technology (2006). Among the changes that have occurred in both cases includes new advancement in technology use of computers, use of fiber optic and the use of wireless communication such as mobile phones, iPods among others.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Analysis: â€Å"The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century† by Thomas Friedman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, the world has flattened due to various innovations as shown in the book which are seen to have been embraced as described in the out-sourcing flattener where Friedman says that technology has allowed Companies to be able to distribute services and also subcontract some activities through technological advancement. The impact of globalizat ion in US There is no doubt that US has benefited more than it has lost through globalization; this is because globalization has both benefits and adverse effects. The major ways that US has benefited through globalization include enjoying better terms of trade, outsourcing of jobs to other countries, less trade barriers, high cultural integration, improved democracy and enhanced communication through social networks (Nickmaceus, 2010). Some specific ways in which this benefit has occurred in US is through technological advances that have enabled outsourcing of jobs in other countries at cheaper rates and in real time to become possible. Globalization has also made US to be one of the most integrated cultural societies in the world (Bhagwati, 2004). This has major benefits such as skilled labor, promotion of tourism and advancement of neo-colonialism (Denhart, 2007). On the other hand, globalization has its adverse effect; in US this adverse effects include loss of job to foreigners , threat of US internal security due to proliferation of foreigners and increased brand competition from other countries when it comes to trade. Public Affairs Relevance The main theme addressed in the book The World is flat, is globalization. Globalization is described as a situation whereby â€Å"regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of political ideas through communication, transportation, and trade† (Friedman, 2005). This is very similar to what the concept of public affairs entails; public affair is concerned with the relationship between government activities and other elements in the society. Because of globalization countries have been able to interact and do more trade with other countries globally much easier than before facilitated by the current technological advancement that we have.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that, factors of globalization are very much reflected in public affairs issues such as economic and social system. Indeed, in today’s world, economic integration has also enhanced cultural integration. In fact, these two issues are the main factors of globalization. Other characteristic of globalization includes increased communication, shared cultures, electronic commerce, improved infrastructure, and democracy (Dunnigan, 2006). These two are found intertwined in various public affairs such as good governance which is democracy, economic growth, increased job opportunities, promotion of international trade, international tourism, social equity and poverty eradication. It is therefore clear that public affairs issues are directly correlated with globalization issues as discussed in the two books. It is by reading them that I have been able to realize this clear link between public affairs issues and globalization and its relevance in governance. References Bhagwat i, A. (2004). In Defense of Globalization. New York: Oxford University Press. Friedman, T (2005). Its a Flat World After All. New York Times Magazine. Web. Denhart, T. (2007). Theories of Public Organization, 5th edition. Stamford, CT: Wadsworth Publishing. DeParle, J. (2005). American Dream. New York: Penguin Group. Dunnigan, J. (2006). The Costs of the War on Terror. Web. Friedman, T. (2006). The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Nickmaceus, K. (2010). Globalization and the United States: Positive and Negative  Impacts on American Domestic Policies. Web.

Affects On Business in New York City Term Paper

Affects On Business in New York City - Term Paper Example But on the other hand there are many difficulties and factors still exist which inhibit the residents to live independently and without issues. America has always been the place where issues of racism, inequality, differences of social, cultural or political exist. US residents were tired of social and economic inequality, greed corruption in the business sector and undue influence of corporation on 6their government. The main influence on the authoritative part was from the financial sector.The financial distribution in America was like 99% of society was facing inequality and unhealthy income distribution and 1% of the society was rich. It was holding on to the wealth which was the right of other 99% residents as well (Mr. Smith (2001). Now, to overcome this problem and to get rid of severe living issues the people got united under one slogan â€Å"we are 99%† and protested against the growing factors which were perilous to their living circumstances. The participants conduc ted assemblies which were called â€Å"General Assemblies† in which major and basic decisions were taken. Actions to be taken were planned and discussed. In these assemblies, the president and main participants of the movement decided to take over the petitions straight and to get hold of the financial situations directly by planning the major road map for this goal. The protestors were failed in the beginning and were forced to move out of the Zuccotti Park where it took place. After they left the place, they never succeeded.

Industry Information on park users perceptions and attitudes towards Research Paper

Industry Information on park users perceptions and attitudes towards public exercise settings - Research Paper Example According to Mowen, Kaczynski and Cohen (2008), parks preserve the physical environment to be utilized for the enjoyment of people. The contribution of parks in the promotion of physical activity has been acknowledged for many decades; Fredrick Law Olmsted, the ‘father’ of parks in North America, noted in the mid-1800s that parks promote healthy and active lifestyles. Since the mid-1800s to date, parks have been perceived as environments that preserve and promote appreciation of nature and as settings that provide opportunities for people to engage in positive recreational activities or leisure time physical exercises. Parks are a common feature in most communities all over the world but park access, condition as well as utilization of these physical environments vary significantly across communities or population segments. Parks are also perceived as places where individuals can simply visit to relax both their minds and their bodies, and to escape the nuances of their busy daily routines at the workplaces. Contemporary insightsAccording to Bedimo-Rung, Mowen, and Cohen (2005), park activity has the capacity to meet physical activity requirements but certain environmental and policy features to enhance the level of physical activity. Physical activity has been taunted as an effective remedy to curbing morbidity and mortality rates since it decreases the risk of heart diseases, diabetes, and high blood pressure, among other lifestyle ailments while enhancing healthy bones, muscles, and joints.

Starbucks Motivation Strategy: Case Study

Starbucks Motivation Strategy: Case Study Nowadays, the competition becomes more extreme because rapid globalization in the recent years, especially for the service industry with the similar products. The most vital point for business to success is not only the quality of products they supply, but the atmosphere of cooperating and the amount from yield of teamwork in retail sales. The employees who always touch with customers and can realize what customers really need are first-line staffs. Therefore, it turns to be essential for companies to motivate, reward and train their employees to be the best quality personnel. In the first stage, the historical background of Starbucks will be introduced. Secondly, an issue about the methods of motivating employees are going to discuss. Next, the strategies, which are used by Starbucks to make their teamwork performance well, will be pointer out. In the end, there is a conclusion about the effect of policies in motivation and teamwork. Managers are constantly searching for ways to  create a motivational environment where associates  (employees) to work at their optimal levels to  accomplish company objectives. Workplace  motivators include both monetary and non-monetary  incentives. Monetary incentives can be diverse while  having a similar effect on associates. One example of  monetary incentives is mutual funds provided  through company pension plans or insurance  programs. Because it has been suggested that  associates, depending on their age, have different  needs pertaining to incentives, traditional incentive  packages are being replaced with alternatives to attract younger associates.  This paper will discuss how monetary and non-monetary incentives are influenced by career stages and the problems associated with monetary  and non-monetary incentives. How the entire total reward and human resources (HR) systems at Starbucks are linked to the business objectives and reinforce the companys strong culture and values. Working in mutual support of the business, the culture, and values, this integrated HR system has helped shape a powerful success story that didnt rely on conventional thinking and trends with respect to the treatment of its workforce. Part 2: Setting the Scene A Brief History of Starbucks Starbucks Coffee Company, as we know it today, began in 1987, when Howard Schultz, the current chairman and CEO, acquired the assets from the original founders, whom he had worked with from 1982 to 1985. In 1987, Starbucks had 11 stores. The original business plan, and promise to the investors, was to have 125 stores within five years. From 1987 to 1992, the company remained private, growing at the astonishing rate of 80% per year to more than 150 stores. In June 1992, the company went public, and it was one of the most successful initial public offerings of the year. Today, Starbucks is the leading retailer, roaster, and brand of specialty coffee in North America. It operates more than 1,800 retail locations in North America, the United Kingdom, and the Pacific Rim and has established joint-venture partnerships with Breyers (to produce coffee ice cream) and PepsiCo (to produce Frappuccino, a bottled coffee drink). Sales for fiscal year 1997 were $967 million, an increase of nearly 39% over the previous year, and the company employed more than 25,000 partners (the companys term for employees). The company goal is to have more than 2,000 locations in North America by the year 2000. The company mission is to establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromi sing principles as we grow. Starbucks Culture and Values: The Driver of HR and Reward Systems Starbucks is a values-driven company, with a firmly established set of principles that are widely shared within the organization. It is also a company that puts its employees first and invests a tremendous amount in them. None of this is by accident. Source: Wilson, Thomas, B., Rewards That Drive High Performance, Amazon, New York, 1999. www.wilsongroup.com 1 It all stems from the values and beliefs of its CEO. Says Schultz, I wanted to establish the kind of company that gave people a form of equity (ownership) and comprehensive health insurance, and most importantly, give them self-esteem in the workplace. People feel that Starbucks is a place that gives them self-respect and values the contributions they make, regardless of their education or where they are in the company. The company believes that if it puts partners first, the result will be exceptional customer service, and by extension, if it has highly satisfied customers, the financial returns will follow. The history of Starbucks Starbucks began by three friends, Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl, and Gordon Bowker, who knew each other in the University of Seattle. In 1971, the first name of their store is Starbucks Coffee, Tea, and Spice in Seattle, Washingtons Pike Place Market. They engaged in making profit from selling coffee beans roasted to individual customers and restaurants. Until 1982, they had increased the number of stores to four. During the same period, a sales representative of the house ware business in New York, Hammerplast, visited them. Howard Schultz wanted to know why a small company needs a large number of percolators from Hammerplast. Because of the trade relationship between these two companies, he was acquainted with the three inventors. After he realized the atmosphere and environment of the company, he decided to be a part of Starbucks, then as a director of marketing and retail sales. In the following year, he had a vocation to Milan, Italy. Though the time, he experienced an entirely different coffee culture from the United States. The culture of Italian cafà © had been one part of peoples daliy life. There were numerous coffee bars around the area and the public usually liked to socialize in a coffee bar. Under those circumstances, Schultz had an idea of a new flavor of cafà © and a stylish environment to communicating with friends. After the trip, he prepared the business plan for his vision. However, the three initiators did not want to transfer their business into restaurant industry. Consequently, in 1985 he chose to establish a new coffee shop, named II Giornale, in Seattle. After the next two years, due to the successful strategy of Schultz, the original three owners of Starbucks decided to sell their corporation to Schultz. Then Schultz gathered other investors and took over the name of II Giornale to Starbucks. He sought to pursue his dream to make everyone taste his coffee, so he focused on the rate of expanding. At that time, he though that the most efficient way to grow the amount of branches is to set up new stores in other places. In I987, Starbucks had the first overseas store in Japan. In the subsequent years, owing to the rising expenses with the worldwide broadening, there was a deficit in Starbucks for the next three years. In contrast, he firmly believed that not to sacrifice long-term integrity and values for short-term profit (Michelli, 2006). In 1991, it turned loss into gain and its sales grew up sharply to 84 percent. Until the end of 2002, Starbucks has developed from 17 stores to 5,688 spreading over 30 countries in by this strategy, it is an over 300 times growing in these ten years! (shown as Exhibit 1) From Fortune magazine, Starbucks was ranked the 11th best company to work for in 2005 in the USA and then risen up in 2006 to 29th. As to 2007, it was ranked as the 16th best. In the same year, Starbucks was also voted as one of the top ten UK workplaces by the Financial Times. (Resource: wikipedia) Part 3 Literature Review Definition of Motivation Motivation is one of the most important aspects of an individualà ®Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬sb eh av io r that determines not only how individual behaves and thinks but also ways in which he / she interacts with others and influences them. Motivation is derived from the word motives. The word motive is derived from Latin word movere, which means to move or to energize. Thus motivation actives us and directs our behavior to a particular goal. According to Armstrong (2002 P.56) states that People wont change their behaviour unless it makes a difference to  them to do so Managers are individuals who achieve their goals through other people. They are constantly searching for ways to motivate their employees to make them work at their optimal level of performance to accomplish the company objective. Various incentives are provided by the managers to their employees for motivation. The incentives that are provided by the mangers to their employees can be broadly classified as monetary incentives and non-monetary incentives. 2.1 Comparison of monetary and non-monetary incentives The purpose of monetary incentives is to reward associates for excellent job performance through money. Monetary incentives include profit sharing, project bonuses, stock options and warrants, scheduled bonuses (e.g., Christmas and performance-linked), and additional paid vacation time. Traditionally, these have helped maintain a positive motivational environment for associates. Monetary incentives can be diverse while having a similar effect on associates. One example of monetary incentives is mutual funds provided through company pension plans or insurance programs. Because it has been suggested that associates, depending on their age have different needs pertaining to incentives, traditional incentive packages are being replaced with alternatives to attract younger associates. On the other hand, the purpose of non-monetary benefits is to reward excellent job performance through opportunities. Non-monetary incentives include flexible work hours, training, pleasant work environment, and sabbaticals. 2.2 Problems with monetary incentives Managements have always looked at man as an animal to be  manipulated with a carrot and stick. They found that when a man is lured/hurt, he will move to get the prize/avoid the pain-and they say, Were motivating the employees. Hell you are not motivating them, you are moving them.* -Frederick Herzberg, Professor Emeritus Monetary incentives usually encourage compliance and achievement of difficult targets instead of encouraging creativity, innovation and foresight which are more important in the long run. Thus employees are not able to express their true talent and in the long run lose their creativity. Employers also may use monetary incentives as an extrinsic rather than an intrinsic motivator. In other words, associates are driven to do things just for the monetary reward versus doing something because it is the right thing to do. This can disrupt or terminate good relationships between employees because they are transformed from co-workers to competitors, which can quickly disrupt the workplace environment. Another problem with monetary incentive is that it is given to circumvent a bigger problem for a short run. Sales employees are given higher monetary incentives to compensate for poor management and poor products, employees are paid more for working in poor work environment. Monetary incentives can even drive the employees to falsely reporting their achievements. Huge monetary incentives given to middle mangers are seen as a hook to retain them which may make them work counterproductively. Though the monetary incentives have a better effect than the monetary incentives in the short run, they fail miserably in the long run and in extreme situations downfall of the company (when employees start anticipating monetary incentives even for routine jobs and in absence of which they start working inefficiently or go on a strike as in the case of some government employee s). Also most of the non-monetary incentives are intrinsic in nature. Intrinsic motivation is more effective as the impetus to work is from within. Employees are working because they feel satisfied or fulfilled by the activity they undertake. Under these circumstances the management can be regarded as more of a support than control. So managers should concentrate more on non-monetary incentives after the minimum level of monetary benefits and properly structure them according to their employees preference. This will ensure high motivational level of the employees which will get reflected in their better performance at work. 2.3 Theories which support intrinsic motivation Various theories that support the concept that intrinsic motivation which is attained through non-monetary incentives is important and better than extrinsic motivation are as follows: Maslows Hierarchy of needs This theory states that the needs of social, esteem and self actualisation are higher order needs. The differentiation between the higher order needs and lower order needs is that the higher order needs are satisfied at the individual level whereas the lower order needs are satisfied externally. Herzbergs two-factor theory It supports the emphasis on factors associated with work like promotional opportunities, opportunities for personal growth, recognition, responsibility, and achievement which employees find intrinsically rewarding McClellands Theory of Needs This theory focuses on three needs: achievement, power and affiliation. They are defined as follows Need for achievement: The drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive to succeed. Need for power: The need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise Need for affiliation: The desire for friendly and closely interpersonal relationships. Cognitive evaluation theory This theory states that allocating extrinsic rewards for behaviour that had been rewarding intrinsically leads to decrease in overall level of motivation. Thus it supports the view that it is better to continue intrinsic motivation to boost the morale of employees. Goal-Setting theory This theory supports the idea that specific and difficult goals with feedback  lead to higher motivation and performance. Self-efficacy theory(Social cognitive theory) It is the individuals belief that a task assigned can be done. Higher the self efficacy higher is the confidence of the employee at the workplace. Reinforcement theory This theory states that the behaviour is a function of its consequences. If employees feel that their efforts are duly rewarded then they will work in a more effective manner for the organisation. Equity theory This theory states that individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequities. If their colleagues are given recognition employees will work towards achieving those rewards. This motivates them to perform them to work better which beneficial to the organisation. Expectancy theory The strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual. Thus when expectations from a employee increases the employee responds with better performance. From the above theories (however different they may be) it is clear that intrinsic motivation is desired by the employees. 2.4 Intrinsic Motivation by non-monetary incentives Various non-monetary incentives motivate employees intrinsically which is more efficient than the extrinsic motivation. The intrinsic motivation that these incentives offer is the result of intrinsic rewards of self management. Self management In employees perspective self-management is choosing activities, monitoring competence, committing to purpose and monitoring progress. The intrinsic motivation that energises the work comes directly from the four management events namely activities, purpose, opportunities and rewards. From these four events the employees make a judgement -of the meaningfulness of the task purpose, the degree of choice available in selecting activities, the competence with which the activities are performed, and the amount of progress being made to the task purpose. The judgements from self-management lead to intrinsic rewards which in turn provide the energy for self- management which completes the cycle. OPPORTUNITY ACCOMPLISHMENT Rewards Rewards From task ACTIVITIES From task PURPOSE Sense of meaningfulness It is the opportunity that makes the employees feel that they are on a path that is worth the energy and time-that they are on a valuable mission that matters in the larger scheme of things. Sense of choice It is the opportunity that the employees feel to select task activities that make sense to them and to perform them in ways that seem appropriate to them. The feeling of choice is the feeling of being free to choose-of being able to use their judgement and act out of their own understanding of task Sense of competence It is the accomplishment that employees feel in skilfully performing task activities that have been chosen by them. The feeling of competence involves the sense that they are doing good, high-quality work on a task. Sense of PROGRESS It is the accomplishment felt in achieving the task purpose. The feeling of progress involves the sense that the task is moving forward, and their activities are really accomplishing something. It is the accomplishment felt in achieving the task purpose. The feeling of progress involves the sense that the task is moving forward, and their activities are really accomplishing something. 2.5 Non-monetary incentives The non-monetary incentives desired by employees across generations have gone rapid changes. The following table shows the preferences in non-monetary incentives across generations. Baby Boomers (born between 1946-63) Generation Xers (born between 1964-81) Generation Yers (born after 1982) Retirement planning Flexible schedules Job training Sabbaticals Flexible schedules Professional development Feedback Tangible rewards Work environment Flexible schedules Professional development Feedback Tangible rewards Work environment Attentive Employers Autonomy Table 2: Preferences in non-monetary incentives across generations Thus it is obvious that the demands of the current generation of employees are ever increasing and in current scenario where there is low loyalty to the companies, high attrition rate these demands have to be met reasonably well to attract prospective employees who can perform really well and to retain the employees. 3. PRACTICES IN ORGANISATIONS Various non-monetary incentives in Table 1 are affected by career stage and proximity to retirement. The older the associate, the more the focus is placed on retirement or supplementing retirement income with part-time or temporary jobs. The younger the associate, the more the focus is placed on job satisfaction and the work environment. Types of non-monetary incentives Various types of non-monetary incentives are as follows: Flextime Professional development Feedback Tangible rewards Work environment Attentive employers Autonomy Redesigning of jobs Retirement planning and others. 3.1 Flextime Flextime refers to several arrangements that allow the employee to work a non-traditional schedule. The employee and the manager agree in advance on the hours of work. Flextime is a popular option for good reasonit lends balance to busy lives. Fortunately, flextime also benefits the manager too. Allowing employees to work schedules that best suit their lives results in more productive workers. The most common flextime arrangements include: Compressed workweek This arrangement allows the employees to work a full, 40-hour schedule in 4 days by extending the hours they work each day. The compressed week can also be scheduled over 2 workweeks, during which they work 9 longer days and have the tenth off. In any case, the compressed workweek maintains the same overall number of hours, just divided up differently. The workload, benefits, and pay are not affected by the arrangement. Adjusted lunch Working an adjusted lunch schedule doesnt actually allow any additional days off. Instead, he employees can take a longer lunch each day, making up the hours at the beginning or end of the day. For example, he manager may allow the employee to take your lunch from 11-1 so that the latter can run errands, go to a doctors appointment, or work out, but in exchange the employee works that additional hour at the beginning or end of your day. This sort of arrangement may be an unofficial privilege of every worker, especially if its used only occasionally. Core hours Next to the compressed workweek, this is the most popular scheduling strategy because of the flexibility it offers. With this schedule, an employee can work certain hours every day, and as long as the schedule is built around the work time specified. For instance, if the core hours are 10-3, the employee must work 10-3 every day, but the starting and ending times can vary. The employee may choose to work 10-6, or 7-3, or any other combination as long as those core hours are covered. If the employee maintains the same total number of hours, your workload, benefits, and pay remain the same. Flexible hours Common core Lunch Common core Flexible hours 6 A.M 9 A.M 12 noon 1 P.M 3 P.M 6 P.M Figure 2: Example of a Flextime schedule The only problem with flextime is that it cant be extended to employees involved in production as the work time also depends on the machines which have to be run continuously for a certain period of time. Problems may arise if flextime is offered to employees of other departments and not to those of production department. So it is better not to introduce flextime in organisations where it cant be extended to all the departments. 3.2 Professional development In a broad sense professional development may include formal types of vocational education, typically post-secondaryor polytechnic training leading to qualification or acredentia l required to get or retain employment. Informal or individualized programs of professional development may also include the concept of personalcoaching. Professional development on the job may develop or enhance process skills, sometimes referred to as leadership skills, as well as task skills. Some examples for process skills are effectiveness skills, team functioning skills, and systems thinking skills. Some examples of task skills are computer software applications, customer service skills and safety training. Examples of skills relevant to a currentoccupation are leadership training for managers and training for specific techniques or equipment for educators,technicians, metal workers,medical  practitionersand engineers. For some occupations there is a provision for  accreditation tied to continuing professional education and proving competence  regulated by a professional body. 10 3.3 Feedback People dont quit organisations, they quit bosses. This can be extended to colleagues too. Improper communication, negative relationship, backbiting etc can lead to inefficiency and counter productivity. To overcome this, organisations are adopting feedback culture. It is the culture wherein all the employees are taught the skills of effectively receiving and giving feedback which is the degree to which carrying out the work activities required by the job results in the employee obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness in their job performance. This includes telling each other frankly, honestly and effectively what they think about their behaviour, job performance, ideas etc. Employees prefer being told what others think about them directly instead of in the round about way and they like being given feedback to self evaluate their performance. They also would like to frankly tell their bosses the various problems and issues faced by them. Feedback is of two types positive and negative. Positive feedback improves the morale of the receiver and negative feedback improves the performance of the receiver. Poor feedback can reduce morale, the ability to do the job, confidence of employees and can even lead to conflicts between the management and the employees. Hence great care has to be taken while giving and receiving feedback. So when both the managers and the employees acquire these skills of giving and receiving feedback the feedback culture works out well for the company. The following factors are to be considered while giving feedback: Make feedback specific Ambiguity and vagueness will make feedback ineffective as the receiver might miss out the whole point. It should be made sure that there is no personality clash between the giver and receiver. Both of them should be comfortable with the way the feedback is being given and neither of them should feel attacked or offended. To do away with these problems the feedback has to be specific. Concentrate on behaviour and results Feedback should concentrate on behaviour, results and future prospective and not on personality and attitudes so that the receiver gets the desired message in the desired manner. Take responsibility The manager/employee should take the initiative of giving feedback rather than putting the blame on others saying that it is not their job. Most often it is due to lack of skills and unwillingness to give feedback. Employees should also be encouraged to take responsibility as there is lot of emphasis on teamwork and empowerment in present days organisations which are becoming flat. Balanced feedback Feedback has to be balanced and accurate. Overstating or understating results will lead to ineffectiveness of feedback. Feedback on periodic basis Feedback has to be on a periodic basis preferably on weekly basis. Delay in giving feedback will render it ineffective. Similarly while receiving feedback the receiver has to listen attentively to all what is said, analyse the feedback and take remedial action. Though difficult to establish, feedback culture promotes teamwork, job satisfaction, employee empowerment, improvement in job performance and so is preferred by most of the employees. 3.4 Tangible rewards It is important to understand how different groups of employees perceive the total reward package offered by the organisation, particularly if the marketing adage Perception is Reality were to be recalled. If the employee doesnt understand the total reward package, how can employee value it? And how can it motivate he employee to perform? Therefore, there is a need to gain an understanding of how managers and employees perceive reward, and, in the case of the Senior Management Team, where they think reward should focus? Perception of reward can be researched using the following tool: Senior Management Team Brainstorm It is always important to involve the Senior Management Team (SMT) in Total Reward policy development. It is best to involve them from the outset to ensure that they understand and contribute to what you are doing. The key reason for conducting management interviews or focus groups is to gain buy-in from those who will be accountable for implementing the strategy. Interviews can help identify the information that managers will find useful, and begin to develop an action plan. This should focus on the big picture and on priorities, not on detail. Top teams (or other senior groups) are likely to be unenthusiastic about detailed level definitions. The specific organisation and style of the debate will depend on the make-up of the team and the nature of the facilitators relationship with it. The focus will be on discovering either what really matters to people who work here? or based on the kind of people you want to work here, what do you think would really matter to them? The focus in each case will be on discovering either what really matters to people who work here? or based on the kind of people you want to work here, what do you think would really matter to them? Cash vs. Tangible Rewards Why Do Merchandise and other Tangible Rewards Motivate Better Than Cash? Perks programs feature custom-designed rewards catalogues with highly desirable and attainable merchandise as rewards. Our reward items are memorable and reinforce the relationship between the reward earner and the reward provider. They keep on giving each time a merchandise reward is viewed or noticed: recipients relive the special recognition and appreciate the organization that honoured them. Cash rewards on the other hand, often have fleeting impact and more often than not, leave the recipients mind as soon as they are spent. Cash unfortunately for those companies that attempt to motivate with it is the least lasting type of reward, because its typically confused with other compensation and therefore forgotten. Additional reasons to use tangible rewards rather than cash are summarized below. Comparison between cash and tangible rewards. Cash or Any Cash Equivalent Purely an extrinsic motivator with little emotional involvement; does not  provide lasting satisfaction and long-term performance stimulation   Creates expectations, leads to entitlement and consequently looses its motivating value A dollar is a dollar; participant attaches no greater emotional or inspirational value to cash. Lacks emotional impact of tangible rewards; thus quickly spent and forgotten   No trophy value to be a constant reminder and continue to motivate. It is  difficult to show off; thus limits the lasting impact of the reward Difficult to target a particular behaviour because of the lacking association  with a particular achievement Recipients often cant recall what they purchased with cash reward which  further diminished its impact Minimal association with Sponsor Company due to minimal trophy value  of reward which minimizes the potential of goodwill toward the company   Not cost-effective; requires three times the incentive investment compared  to non-cash, on average Usually spent on necessities thus lacking a positive association with the  targeted accomplishment or behaviour Participant feels guilty for not spending a cash award on necessities which  taints the reward with unpleasant feelings Tangible Rewards 1. Carry a significant trophy value thus continue to reinforce

Humorous Wedding Roast to a Groom Who is a Sports Fan :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Humorous Wedding Speech to a Groom Who is a Sports Fan Good afternoon, Ladies and Gentlemen. For those of you that don't know me, my name is Rick and I'm Tim's oldest friend. I'm also a complete novice at public speaking and have this overwhelming urge to prove it to you today. I'd like to start off by saying that in marrying Rhonda this afternoon, Tim really has made the ultimate sacrifice. Not only has he given up his status as a single man, he has actually had to miss a pre-season game. And no Tim, I'm not going to cut this speech short so you can get back for the second half. Still, at least we're not missing the first game of the season. I am sure you will all agree that this has turned out to be a fabulous wedding celebration so far. Rhonda, you really do look beautiful in that dress and I could see Tim swelling with pride as you walked down the aisle earlier today. Now, as I said, I'm Tim's oldest friend. We are exceptionally close and very alike. In fact, friends used to comment that we were identical in appearance, interests and personality. So let me remind you, ladies and gentlemen, that Tim is a stunning individual oozing charisma and intelligence. So, starting from the very beginning, Tim was born in Portsmouth on the 6th January 1976. I did try to link this with some big world event but it seems that nothing else happened that day †¦ the day that the staff at Portsmouth Royal Infirmary still refer to as ‘Monkey Birth Tuesday’. It may surprise you to know that, as a youngster, Tim was a superb football player and if it wasn't for pubs opening all day he may very well have turned professional. For two seasons I played along side Tim in defense for our local village side. He got me into the team and on my first game, said: ‘OK, Jason - here's how this works. You do all the heading and tackling and, when you get the ball, give it to me, I'll take it up the field and score.’ Tim finished up top scorer that season, netting twice as many as our centre forward. But we finished bottom of the league and conceded an average of eight goals a game. We once lost a game 22-1, and guess who scored our goal.

English as a World Language Essay

The global spread of English over the last 50 years is remarkable. It is unprecedented in several ways: by the increasing number of users of the language, by its depth of permeation [â€Å"pE:mI’eISn] into societies and its range of functions. There is a model consisting of 3 circles proposed by B.B. Kachru in 1982 in order to describe regional varieties of English. The 1st or inner circle includes people who speak English as their vernacular language (200-400 mln speakers).The outer circle includes people who live territories colonized by Britain and USA (India, Nigeria). And the expanding circle includes the rest of the world which is learning English. English is used for more purpose than ever before. Over 70% of the worlds scientists read English. About 85% of the world’s mail is written in English. And 90% of all information in the world’s electronic retrieval systems is stored in English. There are several basic characteristics of the English language which make it so popular. 1) The simplicity of form. It has no many inflections to show singular and plural, tense, person like in German, Russian and French. Verbs have very few inflections and adjectives do not change according to the noun. 2) Flexibility. As a result of loss of inflections English has become a very flexible language. Without inflections the same word can operate as many different parts of speech. Many nouns and verbs coincide in form. Adjectives can be used as verbs. 3) Openness of vocabulary. This involve the free admissions of words from other languages and easy creation of compounds and derivatives. Most world languages have contributed some words to English. Though English is a world language there are some ideas of creating a lingua franca which will be the vehicle for international communication. Such a lingua franca can become Esperanto. Created in 1887 by Ludvig Zamenhof as a means of unifying the whole world it’s spoken by 8 mln people all over the world. It’s taught at schools in China, Hungary and Yugoslavia. There are some advantages of Esperanto as a 2nd language. -It’s easier to learn (Esperanto has 16 rules and no exeptions). -It’s a neutral language. It has no political or cultural bias. -It saves money because 55% of expenses in all international organizations are spent on interpreters and translators. But nevertheless English which began 1500 years ago as a rude language now encompasses the world. There is no reason to believe that any other language will appear within the next 50 years to replace English. However it is possible that English will not keep its monopoly in the 21st century. A small number of languages may form an oligopoly – each with special area of influence (Spanish for example). English has been an international language for only 50 years. Geographically it’s the most widespread language on Earth, second only to Mandarin Chinese in the number of people who speak it. It’s the language of business, technology, sport and aviation. This will no doubt continue although the proposition that all other languages will die out is absurd.

E Commerce A Global Commercial Environment - 940 Words

The evolution of e-commerce has led to organizations shifting a majority of their businesses to online environments.Dot com craze has triggered a global commercial environment and is being exploited by many organizations who are involved in e-commerce. One particular start up organization is Thread.com has engaged many investors and advisors and is constructing their own styling service by recruiting human stylists and intelligent algorithms. However online marketing have their pros and cons. A study by Merrill Lynch states that ‘‘to survive in the evolving economy, small businesses must attain market share online.’’ Firstly, e-commerce websites are not limited by the geographical area that they can service, therefore the whole world is at their playground which is a massive positive in terms of increasing their market. Another intelligible positives of e-commerce is the reduction in costs. E-commerce bring about lower costs in advertising and marketing, billing, payments and other operational processes. Moreover, it isn’t necessary to invest in real estates since an e-commerce merchant demands no key physical location. Secondly, an e-commerce retail trader has the ability to access information about their customer’s buying habits by making use of the information they provide in the registration form. They can also gain access to information by placing cookies on the customer’s computer. They can then use this to communicate relevant information. For e.g, if people want aShow MoreRelatedPestle Analysis for Singapore Supermarket1011 Words   |  5 PagesImpact on Business | Political | * To facilitate the take-off of e-commerce in Singapore, the Government has been putting in place a supportive legal and policy framework. For example, the Electronic Transaction Act, passed in Jul 98, provides a favourable legal environment for safe and secure e-transactions. * The government provides direct subsidies and fiscal incentives to support companies embarking on e-commerce initiatives. One example of a direct subsidy program introduced is the eBusinessRead MoreInternational Barriers to E-commerce Essay734 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ International Barriers to E-commerce Aravind Alluri Abstract In the recent years, the internet has been known for an impressive evolution, having a major impact on all aspects of life esp., e-commerce (EC). This paper mainly explains the EC and also identifies the various international barriers to e-commerce and they can be evaluated for EC success. Introduction E-commerce is a combination of three different areas of study, namely technology, business and law/policy. ECRead MoreImpacts Of Technology E Commerce1471 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness – E-Commerce Since the introduction of the Internet in the 1950’s, development of technology began for use by the military until it was soon introduced to the public for commercial and private use. Throughout the decades ever since, technology was then on the road to sudden rapid expansion, with a big boom in new hardware, software and internet capabilities such as faster computer speeds, faster internet connections and efficient software. Convenient services appeared such as E-Commerce (or ElectronicRead MoreVirgin Atlantic : A Global Company859 Words   |  4 PagesVirgin Atlantic was a global company from start-up. Even though it is based in England, the inaugural flight was from London to Newark, New Jersey. From that point on, Virgin Atlantic was destined to be a global company. Operating primarily out of Gatwick and Heathrow airports in London, as well as Manchester Airport in Manchester, Virgin Atlantic has always had to compete with British Airways (Branson, 2014). Branson expressed interest in offering flights to South Africa. The transportationRead MoreRelated Literarureand Studies of Online Selling Website1450 Words   |  6 Pagesis gained in much the same way as it is in the physical world, by knowing buyers needs and meeting them. Success can depend to a great degree on whether or not you are offering collectible properties able to meet at least one of these three key commercial elements: Not easil y obtainable locally.   Wide appeal due to a current surge in popularity or because an item is able to cross over collecting boundaries.   Competitive pricing. According to stay mode website Online marketing a Big Help to SmallRead MoreE Commerce Vs. Electronic Commerce1527 Words   |  7 PagesThere are plenty of ways to define the definition of E-commerce. For example, according to the Oxford Dictionary, E-commerce or electronic commerce is the commercial transaction that conducted electronically on the Internet. Some people define E-commerce as the processes of buying, selling, or exchanging products, services, and information by using the computer network technology such as the Internet. E-commerce does not only provide the function of buying and selling goods and services online viaRead MoreThe Effects Of E Commerce On Global Trade1524 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects of E-commerce in Global Trade Introduction E-commerce is a term describing a new and innovative more efficient way of doing business completely by use of the internet, to conduct trade dealings both on a national and global scale. E-commerce offers a different mode of performing trade throughout the world without the need for tangible contact between the buyer and seller. The new transaction mode of purchasing and supplying goods has become explosive in terms of efficiency, competitivenessRead MoreE Commerce And The Internet Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent people in different countries throughout the world even though they aren’t physically present in the countries that the sales are made. E-commerce is to use the internet to do business in a better and faster way. E-commerce is defined by an online dictionary as the following: â€Å"Commercial transactions conducted electronically on the internet†. E-commerce is the term to describe the operations, technology and processing that occur when financial or business transactions are conducted electronicallyRead MoreBusiness Study : Ecommerce Industry Outlook1067 Words   |  5 Pagesbusinesses are changing. Traditional style of business processes have been replaced by the unconventional ones (Writer, 2016). It’s the era of new age entrepreneurs they are making the way bend for them because of their first mover advantages in the commerce space. A study on one of the most promising and upcoming industry of the twenty first century which has become so big in the underway that it is not ignorable. To evaluate the evolution this industry has witnessed with each passing day with respectRead MoreEssay about The E Commerce Environment of Singapore1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe ECommerce Environment of Singapore Geography The Republic of Singapore is located in southeast Asia, south of Malaysia and northwest of Indonesia. The island measures a total of 637 square kilometers with a coastline 193 kilometers long. Singapore is generally comprised of lowland areas with a central plateau in the middle of the island. Its elevation ranges from the Bukit Timah, (166 m.), to the Singapore Strait which is at sea level. Its climate is tropical and wet. Precipitation